Last Updated May 2026

To maintain your sump pump, test it regularly, clean the basin and components, check the discharge line for clogs and watch for signs of wear. Routine care can help you make sure your sump pump is ready to do its job — keeping water out of your home. Consider hiring an inspector or licensed plumber to check your sump pump regularly and handle maintenance.

A sump pump works quietly in the background — until it doesn’t. When heavy rain or rising groundwater puts pressure on your home’s foundation, your sump pump helps move water away before it can cause damage.

How a sump pump works

A sump pump is typically installed in a pit (or basin) at the lowest point of a basement or crawl space. When water enters the pit — often from heavy rain, melting snow or a high water table — a float switch rises and turns the pump on.

By helping control where water goes, a sump pump may help reduce pressure against foundation walls and limit the risk of water entering your home. When the water level in the pit drops back down, the float switch turns the pump off. Water damage from a backup typically isn’t covered by homeowners insurance unless you have added water backup coverage.

Types of sump pumps commonly used in homes

Submersible sump pumps
These sit inside the basin and operate underwater. They’re typically sealed to help protect electrical components and are often quieter since the motor is submerged. They can cost up to $600, according to the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors (InterNACHI).

Pedestal sump pumps
These have a motor mounted above the basin, with a hose extending into the water below. They’re generally easier to access for maintenance and may have a longer lifespan, but they can be noisier. They can cost up to $200, according to InterNACHI.

How to maintain your sump pump

A few simple checks throughout the year can help keep your sump pump working when you need it most. FEMA, the federal disaster aid agency, recommends these steps — as well as following the pump’s owner’s manual for proper care. Problems may require a professional to make repairs. As with insurance for plumbing, sump pump problems that result from wear and tear typically aren’t covered, though issues caused by a covered event may be.

Test your sump pump

Testing lets you know that your sump pump is turning on when water levels rise. If the pump doesn’t turn on, runs but doesn’t drain or fails to shut off, it may need repair or replacement.

How often: Every few months

Steps to test:

1. Make sure the pump is plugged in and the power source is working.
2. Pour a bucket of water slowly into the sump pit.
3. Watch the float switch. It should rise with the water level.
4. Confirm the pump activates and begins moving water out through the discharge pipe.
5. Observe the full cycle. The pump should shut off automatically once the water level drops.

Clean the sump pump and its components

Cleaning helps prevent debris from clogging the pump or interfering with the float switch. Keeping the pump clean can help improve performance and extend the life of the pump.

How often: Twice a year

Steps to clean:

1. Unplug the pump.
2. Remove the pump (if accessible) from the basin.
3. Clear out debris such as dirt, gravel or sediment from the pit.
4. Wipe down the pump exterior.
5. Check and clean the intake screen, where water enters the pump.
6. Reinstall the pump and restore power.

Check and clear the discharge line

If the discharge line is blocked, water can back up into the basin and basement. The discharge point should direct water away from the foundation, not back toward the home.

How often: Every 3-4 months, and before winter sets in

Steps to inspect/clear:

1. Locate where the pipe exits the home.
2. Run the pump and confirm water is flowing freely out of the pipe.
3. Check for dirt, leaves or debris at the outlet.
4. Inspect the pipe for kinks, cracks or loose connections.
5. In cold weather, check that ice buildup isn’t blocking the line.

Inspect the power source and backup system

A sump pump is only as reliable as its power supply. Backup systems can be especially important during storms, when power outages are more likely.

How often: Every few months and before big storms

Steps to check power and backup:

1. Verify the pump is plugged directly into an outlet (avoid extension cords).
2. Test the outlet or GFCI to ensure it’s functioning properly.
3. Check for loose cords or signs of wear.
4. If you have a battery backup system, test it according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
5. Replace backup batteries as recommended, often every few years.

Signs your sump pump needs attention

A sump pump doesn’t always stop working all at once. These warning signs may point to problems such as a stuck float switch, a clogged intake, a blocked discharge line or general wear on the motor.

• Runs constantly or cycles on and off frequently, even in dry conditions
• Fails to turn on when water levels rise in the basin
• Makes unusual noises, such as grinding, rattling or humming
• Vibrates excessively during operation
• Shows rust, corrosion or debris buildup
• Emits a musty or burnt odor, which could indicate electrical or mechanical issues

Sump pump maintenance checklist

Sources: FEMA, Sump & Sewage Pump Manufacturers Association

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